Gender identity disorder is defined as a condition in which physical and mental sexuality do not match. A female-to-male (FTM)has the mental sexuality of males and the physical sexuality of females. FTM transsexuals generally receive androgen therapy, mastectomy, and sex reassignment surgery to live as their desired sex. The risk of breast cancer in FTM transsexual patients remains unclear. We report a case of breast cancer in an FTM transsexual. A 44-year-old man who underwent mastectomy and sex reassignment surgery and received androgen as hormone therapy developed breast cancer. At first glance, mastectomy and sex reassignment surgery may reduce the risk of breast cancer by suppressing estrogen. However, there are reports of breast cancer in FTM transsexuals. It is important to provide sufficient information that patients may develop breast cancer from residual breast tissue and that they should therefore start hormone therapy even if they have undergone mastectomy and sex reassignment surgery. In order to decide whether to restart androgen therapy after breast surgery, it is necessary to consider not only the risk of recurrence of breast cancer but also their gender identity.It is expected that the number of long-term breast cancer survivors will increase owing to the improvements in chemotherapy and irradiation, while the risk of double cancers, including secondary malignancy, may become an issue. There are many unclear points in the treatment policy with regard to when a secondary malignancy occurs or the primary cancer relapses during the management of a secondary malignancy. A 54-year-old woman who was diagnosed with ER/PgR-positive HER2 negative breast cancer Stage ?B received neoadjuvant chemotherapy FEC and docetaxel followed by breast surgery, adjuvant hormone therapy, and radiation therapy. Chronic myeloid leukemia diagnosed by the abnormal findings of leukocytosis and bone marrow aspiration emerged after 3 years of the diagnosis of the first breast cancer. After 3 years of imatinib therapy that achieved a major molecular response(MMR)of CML, a recurrence of sacral metastasis of breast cancer was revealed by MRI. The combination of imatinib and hormone or S-1 chemotherapy could be maintained without serious adverse events after the relapse of the primary cancer.A 63-year-old woman who underwent breast cancer surgery 9 years ago visited our hospital with palpitations. Laboratory examination revealed severe anemia and thrombocytopenia. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography(PET- CT)demonstrated fluorodeoxyglucose(FDG)uptake at several vertebrae, including the pelvis, ribs, and sternum. Accordingly, bone marrow aspiration cytology was performed and atypical large cells were confirmed. After the diagnosis of disseminated carcinomatosis caused by multiple bone metastases from breast cancer, capecitabine monotherapy was started. At 6 months after the diagnosis, the anemia and thrombocytopenia improved to within normal limits. FDG uptake of multiple bones also improved according to PET-CT. Capecitabine administration was stopped at 30 months due to cancer progression. Chemotherapy with docetaxel, epirubicin, cyclophosphamide(EC), and vinorelbine was alternately continued after capecitabine; nevertheless, the cancer progressed gradually. She died at 62 months without either anemia or thrombocytopenia.We investigate the current status of screening for essential thrombocythemia(ET)and polycythemia vera(PV), at our hospital.
According to the World Health Organization(WHO)diagnostic criteria.
All patients who visited Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital between May 1984(when the hospital opened)and January 2019.
More than 90% of patients with elevated platelet counts(PLT)(n=25,062)and more than 90% of patients with elevated hemoglobin( Hb)or hematocrit(Ht)levels(n=16,422)did not visit the department of hematology, suggesting that there could be a high percentage of patients with potentially latent ET and PV visiting the hospital. In addition, a large number of patients fulfilling the laboratory criteria for ET/PV visited various departments of the hospital other than the department of hematology.
Because ET/PV manifests with diverse symptoms, including non-specific symptoms and symptoms pertaining to other organ systems. Based on the findings, we consider that it is essential to disseminate information about the WHO diagnostic criteria/clinical symptoms and possibility of latent ET/PV to all departments of the hospital, and to establish cooperation between the department of hematology and other departments.
Because ET/PV manifests with diverse symptoms, including non-specific symptoms and symptoms pertaining to other organ systems. Based on the findings, we consider that it is essential to disseminate information about the WHO diagnostic criteria/clinical symptoms and possibility of latent ET/PV to all departments of the hospital, and to establish cooperation between the department of hematology and other departments.Risk factors for immune-related adverse events(irAEs)associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs) remain to be obscure. Therefore, we evaluated the patient background and clinical findings to identify risk factors for the development of irAEs.
The subjects consisted of 86 patients treated with ICIs between August 2018 and March 2020. They were classified into 2 groups who developed irAEs(irAE group)and did not develop irAEs(non-irAE group).
The median age of the subjects was 70 years(39-84 years), and there were 65 males. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/on123300.html The underlying disease was non-small cell lung cancer in 51 patients, gastric cancer in 14, renal cell cancer in 9, urothelial cancer in 11, and MSI-high small bowel cancer in 1. The irAE group, in whom treatment with ICIs was discontinued, included 16 patients(18.6%), and the non-irAE group included 70 patients(81.4%). The median number of treatment cycles was 8(1-91), and the median treatment period was 4 months(1-45 months). Evaluation in our hospital revealed no significant background factors, such as gender, age, or the treatment period, as risk factors for the development of eras. Lung disorders were frequently observed after the third-line treatment and in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.
At present, the prediction of the development of irAEs is difficult. Careful follow-up observation and early irAEs management are important. In addition, further studies are necessary to identify risk factors for the development of irAEs.
At present, the prediction of the development of irAEs is difficult. Careful follow-up observation and early irAEs management are important. In addition, further studies are necessary to identify risk factors for the development of irAEs.